The Link Between Paraquat and Demyelination: A Review of Current Evidence.

Antioxidants (Basel)

Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.

Published: November 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Paraquat is a common herbicide that causes oxidative stress and can lead to severe cellular damage in various organs, as well as fatal poisonings.
  • It shares similarities with a neurotoxin related to Parkinson's disease and may contribute to various neurological issues, including demyelinating diseases that affect nerve insulation in the CNS and PNS.
  • Concerns about chronic low-level exposure to paraquat, especially through contaminated water and food, have been raised, with studies suggesting it could harm myelinating cells and promote neuroinflammation, leading to demyelination and highlighting the need for further research.

Article Abstract

Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridilium dichloride), a widely used bipyridinium herbicide, is known for inducing oxidative stress, leading to extensive cellular toxicity, particularly in the lungs, liver, kidneys, and central nervous system (CNS), and is implicated in fatal poisonings. Due to its biochemical similarities with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), paraquat has been used as a Parkinson's disease model, although its broader neurotoxic effects suggest the participation of multiple mechanisms. Demyelinating diseases are conditions characterized by damage to the myelin sheath of neurons. They affect the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS), resulting in diverse clinical manifestations. In recent years, growing concerns have emerged about the impact of chronic, low-level exposure to herbicides on human health, particularly due to agricultural runoff contaminating drinking water sources and their presence in food. Studies indicate that paraquat may significantly impact myelinating cells, myelin-related gene expression, myelin structure, and cause neuroinflammation, potentially contributing to demyelination. Therefore, demyelination may represent another mechanism of neurotoxicity associated with paraquat, which requires further investigation. This manuscript reviews the potential association between paraquat and demyelination. Understanding this link is crucial for enhancing strategies to minimize exposure and preserve public health.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590890PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111354DOI Listing

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The Link Between Paraquat and Demyelination: A Review of Current Evidence.

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Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.

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