The integration of QKD systems in metro optical networks raises challenges that cannot be fully resolved with current technological means. In this work, we devised a methodology for identifying different types of impairments for a QKD link embedded in a communication network. Identification occurs in real time using a supervised machine learning model designed for this purpose. The model takes only QBER and SKR time-series data as the input, making its applicability not restricted to any specific QKD protocol or system. The output of the model specifies the working conditions for the QKD link, which is information that can be valuable for users and key management systems.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26110922 | DOI Listing |
Entropy (Basel)
January 2025
Advanced Network Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation, Kawasaki 211-8666, Kanagawa, Japan.
We demonstrated the coexistence of an S-band CV-QKD signal with fully loaded C+L-band classical signals for the first time. The secret key rate of the S-band QKD system was 986 kbps with the C+L-band WDM signals transmitted through a 20 km G.654.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEntropy (Basel)
December 2024
Laboratory of Quantum Information Technologies, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow 119049, Russia.
We develop a novel key routing algorithm for quantum key distribution (QKD) networks that utilizes a distribution of keys between remote nodes, i.e., not directly connected by a QKD link, through multiple non-overlapping paths.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEntropy (Basel)
October 2024
Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Ilisia, Greece.
The integration of QKD systems in metro optical networks raises challenges that cannot be fully resolved with current technological means. In this work, we devised a methodology for identifying different types of impairments for a QKD link embedded in a communication network. Identification occurs in real time using a supervised machine learning model designed for this purpose.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe have successfully demonstrated the integration of a commercial O-band Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system over a testbed that replicates a carrier-grade Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) optical access network consisting of components and systems installed in real-life FTTH operational deployments. The experiment demonstrated a QKD transmission over a 1:16 user Gigabit Optical Passive Network (GPON) configuration featuring a total of 9 Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) at the premises of the Telecom Operator COSMOTE that followed the operator's standard FTTH divided in two splitting stages. The architecture we implemented was a downstream access network with the quantum transmitter located at the operator's Central Office (CO) and the quantum receiver located on the end user's side.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLight Sci Appl
October 2024
Center for Macroscopic Quantum States (bigQ), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
To establish a scalable and secure quantum network, a critical milestone is advancing from basic point-to-point quantum key distribution (QKD) systems to the development of inherently multi-user protocols designed to maximize network capacity. Here, we propose a quantum passive optical network (QPON) protocol based on continuous-variable (CV) systems, particularly the quadrature of the coherent state, which enables deterministic, simultaneous, and high-rate secret key generation among all network users. We implement two protocols with different trust levels assigned to the network users and experimentally demonstrate key generation in a quantum access network with 8 users, each with an 11 km span of access link.
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