Severity: Warning
Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_sessionil1hnngfbgdc9q8c17a6pi6m9bri7eu8): Failed to open stream: No space left on device
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 177
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated
Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/models/Detail_model.php
Line: 71
Function: strpos
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: insertAPISummary
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Function: require_once
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: str_replace
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: formatAIDetailSummary
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: file_get_contents
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Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
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Function: require_once
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious acute viral disease that leads to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. Previous research conducted in our laboratory has indicated that Nsp2 may serve as a key virulence factor within the IBV genome, as evidenced by its pronounced divergence between the field strain and its attenuated counterpart. Understanding the interaction between Nsp2 and host proteins is crucial to elucidating the role of the Nsp2 protein in the pathogenesis and proliferation of IBV. Currently, much remains to be uncovered regarding the host proteins that interact with the IBV Nsp2 protein. In this study, 10 host proteins, including COX1, COX3, NFIA, ITGA1, ATP1B1, ATP1B3, ABCB1, ISCA1, DNAJA1, and IREB2, were screened to interact with IBV Nsp2 through yeast two-hybrid experiments and molecular docking simulations. Furthermore, the interaction of Nsp2 with ATP1B3, DNAJA1, and ISCA1 proteins was further validated through co-immunoprecipitation and confocal experiments. The GO, KEGG, and PPI databases revealed that the host proteins interacting with Nsp2 are primarily associated with ATPase activation, Fe-S cluster binding, ion homeostasis, and innate immune regulation. The examination of the expression levels of these Nsp2-interacting host proteins during IBV infection demonstrated the significant downregulation of COX3, COX1, ATP1B1, and ATP1B3, while NFIA, DNAJA1, and IREB2 showed significant upregulation. Moreover, our study identified that IBV enhances viral replication by upregulating DNAJA1 expression, although the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential role of the Nsp2 protein in the pathogenesis of IBV.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598884 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11110531 | DOI Listing |
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