A novel rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative bacterial strain MS17 was obtained from a co-culture of Microcystis aeruginosa and Myriophyllum spicatum. The examination of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence showed a significant degree of similarity between strain MS17 and Paucibacter sediminis S2-9 (98.4%), Roseateles violae PFR6 (98.1%), 'Roseateles cellulosilyticus' P8 (98.0%), Roseateles aquae APW11 (97.9%), Roseateles oligotrophus CHU3 (97.7%), Roseateles saccharophilus DSM 654 (97.6%), Kinneretia aquatilis CR182 (97.7%), Pelomonas aquatica CCUG 52575 (97.6%), and Roseateles toxinivorans 2C20 (97.0%). Between strain MS17 and the type strains of closely related species, digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were below 21.9% and 78.48%. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. The main fatty acids (> 10.0%) were C ω6c, C, C, and summed feature 3 (C ω7c and/or C ω6c). The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified phospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified aminophospholipid, unidentified aminolipid, and three unidentified lipids. The genomic G + C content was 65.9%. According to phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, and chemotaxonomic data, strain MS17 has been categorized as a newly discovered species belonging to the Roseateles genus, and the name Roseateles microcysteis sp. nov. is suggested. It exhibits distinct biochemical properties that differentiate it from closely related species. The type strain is MS17 (=KCTC 8001 = LMG 33142).

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