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De novo assembly and characterization of a highly degenerated ZW sex chromosome in the fish Megaleporinus macrocephalus. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Megaleporinus macrocephalus (piauçu) is a Neotropical fish with a unique ZZ/ZW sex determination system, making it an excellent model to study sex chromosomes.
  • Researchers assembled a high-quality reference genome of over 1.28 billion base pairs, revealing distinct regions on the sex chromosome that exhibit degeneration and differentiation.
  • Key findings indicate that genes like amhr2 and bmp7 may play important roles in sex determination and provide insights into the evolutionary dynamics of fish sex chromosomes.

Article Abstract

Background: Megaleporinus macrocephalus (piauçu) is a Neotropical fish within Characoidei that presents a well-established heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex determination system and thus constitutes a good model for studying W and Z chromosomes in fishes. We used PacBio reads and Hi-C to assemble a chromosome-level reference genome for M. macrocephalus. We generated family segregation information to construct a genetic map, pool sequencing of males and females to characterize its sex system, and RNA sequencing to highlight candidate genes of M. macrocephalus sex determination.

Results: The reference genome of M. macrocephalus is 1,282,030,339 bp in length and has a contig and scaffold N50 of 5.0 Mb and 45.03 Mb, respectively. In the sex chromosome, based on patterns of recombination suppression, coverage, FST, and sex-specific SNPs, we distinguished a putative W-specific region that is highly differentiated, a region where Z and W still share some similarities and is undergoing degeneration, and the PAR. The sex chromosome gene repertoire includes genes from the TGF-β family (amhr2, bmp7) and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (wnt4, wnt7a), some of which are differentially expressed.

Conclusions: The chromosome-level genome of piauçu exhibits high quality, establishing a valuable resource for advancing research within the group. Our discoveries offer insights into the evolutionary dynamics of Z and W sex chromosomes in fish, emphasizing ongoing degenerative processes and indicating complex interactions between Z and W sequences in specific genomic regions. Notably, amhr2 and bmp7 are potential candidate genes for sex determination in M. macrocephalus.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590113PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giae085DOI Listing

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