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Potential hypothalamic mechanisms in trigeminal neuropathic pain: a comparative analysis with migraine and cluster headache. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Trigeminal neuropathic pain, migraine, and cluster headache significantly affect quality of life and pose clinical challenges, with a focus on the hypothalamus's role in their underlying causes.
  • While research supports the hypothalamus's involvement in migraines and cluster headaches, its role in trigeminal neuropathic pain remains under-researched and highlights a gap in understanding.
  • The paper discusses advanced neuromodulation techniques, like deep brain stimulation and optogenetics, that can target hypothalamic dysfunction to potentially relieve pain, and emphasizes the need for further studies to enhance treatment options for these facial pain conditions.

Article Abstract

Trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP), migraine, and cluster headache (CH) profoundly impact the quality of life and present significant clinical challenges due to their complex neurobiological underpinnings. This review delves into the pivotal role of the hypothalamus in the pathophysiology of these facial pain syndromes, highlighting its distinctive functions and potential as a primary target for research, diagnosis, and therapy. While the involvement of the hypothalamus in migraine and CH has been increasingly supported by imaging and clinical studies, the precise mechanisms of its role remain under active investigation. The role of the hypothalamus in TNP, in contrast, is less explored and represents a critical gap in our understanding. The hypothalamus's involvement varies significantly across these conditions, orchestrating a unique interplay of neural circuits and neurotransmitter systems that underlie the distinct characteristics of each pain type. We have explored advanced neuromodulation techniques, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and optogenetics, which show promise in targeting hypothalamic dysfunction to alleviate pain symptoms. Furthermore, we discuss the neuroplastic changes within the hypothalamus that contribute to the chronicity of these pains and the implications of these findings for developing targeted therapies. By offering a comprehensive examination of the hypothalamus's roles, this paper aims to bridge existing knowledge gaps and propel forward the understanding and management of facial neuralgias, underscoring the hypothalamus's critical position in future neurological research.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587712PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01914-zDOI Listing

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