Impacts of warming and acidification on pesticide toxicity in continental aquatic environments: A scientometric and systematic map.

Carbon dioxide emissions are altering aquatic ecosystems by causing water acidification and temperature increases, and these environments are also facing pesticide contamination. We present a scientometric and systematic map of these impacts in continental aquatic environments, aiming to provide an overview of research investigating the effects of temperature and acidification on pesticide toxicity. Our findings reveal a significant increase in research output on this topic, especially over the past seven years, with the United States leading due to high pesticide use and rigorous environmental monitoring. International collaborations remain low. High-impact journal publications underscore the importance of this topic. The primary focus is on temperature-pesticide interactions, highlighting the need for studies on pesticide-acidification interactions driven by climate change. The most studied class of pesticides is insecticides, particularly chlorpyrifos. Animals such as fish and crustaceans are the most frequently used organisms in ecotoxicological tests, indicating the need for broader assessments of impacts on other aquatic groups. Synergistic effects in interactions were prevalent, stressing the importance of an integrated approach in considering the interplay between temperature, pH, and pesticides. The information presented in this study directs and encourages studies in areas that have not yet addressed this topic.