AI Article Synopsis
- Age-related decline in executive control is thought to lead to memory lapses in older adults, but previous lab studies have provided mixed results on this claim.
- A new study with 166 older adults used real-world tasks to examine how age affects prospective memory (PM) through executive function and processing speed.
- Findings revealed that while age was linked to poorer PM performance, especially in time-based tasks, the influence of executive functions was minimal, suggesting other factors like learning and retention might play a larger role.
Article Abstract
Age-related losses in executive control are widely assumed to contribute to prospective memory (PM) lapses in late adulthood, but to date, this assumption has gained only inconsistent support from lab-based studies. The present study tested whether age indirectly affects PM via (1) individual differences in specific executive control operations (a parallel mediated model), or (2) a serially mediated model, with processing speed as the first mediator. Older adults (= 166) completed four measures of PM that had higher ecological validity than standard lab-based paradigms, as well as measures of executive function and other cognitive abilities. The results showed that, although age was a significant predictor of reduced performance on three of the PM measures, particularly time-based tasks, these negative age associations were only slightly diminished when executive functions were controlled for. Performance on the PM task with the greatest ecological validity (MEMO) was independent of age and measures of executive function but positively related to both learning and retention. Processing speed was a poor predictor of PM performance on all measures (accounting for between 0% and 4% of variance). Taken together, these results highlight the need for circumspection in generalising the role of executive control in age-related prospective memory performance.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2024.2431672 | DOI Listing |
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