Comparative phytochemical profile and biological activity of three species as alternative antimicrobial therapies.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Medicinal plants can help combat antibiotic resistance by providing novel, active molecules. Three plant species of the genus are widely used in traditional medicine in the Mouhoun region for the treatment of cutaneous and respiratory diseases. Therefore, it is important to determine the ethnopharmacological potential of bark extracts from the trunks of these three species.

Aim Of The Study: This study compared the phytochemical and biological activities of extracts from three species to determine their ethnopharmacology.

Materials And Methods: The medicinal properties of the extracts were assessed based on their ability to inhibit the growth of the following microorganisms: , , sa, , , and . The significant interest in these medicinal plants among the local communities were elucidated by their antioxidant properties and phytochemical composition, along with the detection key bioactive compounds. Major phytochemical groups and phenolic compounds were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector. These phytochemical findings were validated by evaluating the antioxidant capacity of the extracts using DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays.

Results: Hydroethanolic, ethanolic, and hexane extracts from the bark of three species inhibited the growth of both bacteria and fungi, as evidenced by their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs).The findings showed that species were most effective against various tested bacteria and fungi, with MICs ranging from 0.1 to 6.25 mg/mL. , and extracts demonstrated 50 % inhibition of DPPH at concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 0.6 mg/mL. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of several families of chemical compounds, such as total phenolics and flavonoids. Phenolic compounds identified by HPLC in ethanolic extracts of , such as isorhamnetin, quercetin, and ferulic acid, are recognised for their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

Conclusion: These findings establish an ethnobotany for these three species, with their chromatographic characteristics facilitating the identification of key molecules of interest. The ethanolic extract of can be used in phytomedicinal formulations against bacterial ( and ) and fungal ( and ) infections, both of which are recurrently recorded in certain skin and respiratory tract diseases.