AI Article Synopsis
- Airways and alveoli are particularly susceptible to toxic chemical exposure, but the lungs have effective protective mechanisms to maintain function.
- Alveolar macrophages act as the primary defense by combating pathogens and harmful substances that penetrate the airway barrier.
- Recent studies are focusing on alveolar macrophages as therapeutic targets to understand their role in disease development, especially concerning chemical-induced acute lung injury.
Article Abstract
Airways, alveoli and the pulmonary tissues are the most vulnerable to the external environment including occasional deliberate or accidental exposure to highly toxic chemical gases. However, there are many effective protective mechanisms that maintain the integrity of the pulmonary tissues and preserve lung function. Alveolar macrophages form the first line of defense against any pathogen or chemical/reactant that crosses the airway mucociliary barrier and reaches the alveolar region. Resident alveolar macrophages are activated or circulating monocytes infiltrate the airspace to contribute towards inflammatory or reparative responses. Studies on response of alveolar macrophages to noxious stimuli are rapidly emerging and alveolar macrophage are also being sought as therapeutic target. Here such studies have been reviewed and put together for a better understanding of the role pulmonary macrophages in general and alveolar macrophage in particular play in the pathogenesis of disease caused by chemical induced acute lung injury.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581858 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1488913 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Advances on the Role of Lung Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Era of Single-Cell Genomics.
Int J Med Sci
January 2025
Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation. The diverse pathogenic mechanisms underlying COPD progression remain incompletely understood. Macrophages, serving as the most representative immune cells in the respiratory tract, constitute the first line of innate immune defense and maintain pulmonary immunological homeostasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 Inhibitor E966-0530-45418 Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis and .
Int J Biol Sci
January 2025
School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a high-mortality lung disease with limited treatment options, highlighting the need for new therapies. Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is a promising target due to its role in regulating transcription via the TGF-β/Smad pathway, though CDK8 inhibitors have not been thoroughly studied for PF. This study aims to evaluate the potential of E966-0530-45418, a novel CDK8 inhibitor, in mitigating PF progression and explores its underlying mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSexual dimorphism in lung transcriptomic adaptations in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
Respir Res
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 275 E Hancock St, Rm 195, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
Current fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) studies primarily focus on alcohol's actions on the fetal brain although respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity/mortality in newborns. The limited studies examining the pulmonary adaptations in FASD demonstrate decreased surfactant protein A and alveolar macrophage phagocytosis, impaired differentiation, and increased risk of Group B streptococcal pneumonia with no study examining sexual dimorphism in adaptations. We hypothesized that developmental alcohol exposure in pregnancy will lead to sexually dimorphic fetal lung morphological and immune adaptations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSialoadhesin-dependent susceptibility and replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in CD163-expressing cells.
Front Vet Sci
December 2024
Viral Diseases Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Understanding the molecular interactions between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) and host cells is crucial for developing effective strategies against PRRSV. CD163, predominantly expressed in porcine macrophages and monocytes, is a key receptor for PRRSV infection. CD169, also known as Sialoadhesin, has emerged as a potential receptor facilitating PRRSV internalization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh Content Image Analysis of Cellular Responses of the Murine J774A.1 Cell Line and Primary Human Cells Alveolar Macrophages to an Extended Panel of Pharmaceutical Agents.
Pharm Res
January 2025
Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
Introduction: In vitro screening of macrophages for drug-induced effects, such as phospholipidosis, is useful for detecting potentially problematic compounds in the preclinical development of oral inhaled products. High-content image analysis (HCIA) is a multi-parameter approach for cytotoxicity screening. This study provides new insights into HCIA-derived response patterns of murine J774A.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!