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Article Abstract

Objective: Our objective was to investigate the perceived stress levels among pharmacy students enrolled at the University of Duhok both prior to and following examination periods, with a concurrent assessment of potential cardiovascular effects.

Methods: The study included 49 participants from the College of Pharmacy at the University of Duhok and utilized a pre-post cohort design. High-stress pre-examination assessments were scheduled at 8:30 AM on the day of the examination, and low-stress post-examination assessments were also conducted at 8:30 AM over a two-week period without academic examinations.

Results: The pre-exam serum cortisol level was significantly higher compared to the post-exam period (16.66 vs. 14.04 μg/dL; p = 0.013). Elevated levels of non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and cholesterol/HDL ratio were recorded during high-stress periods. Remarkably, social media emerged as the sole significant predictor (p = 0.038) with a negative impact on serum cortisol levels during the pre-exam phase. Additionally, we observed that females had higher stress levels during both periods, as indicated by the regression model.

Conclusions: This investigation revealed a significant elevation in serum cortisol levels during the pre-examination phase, likely attributable to the stress induced by impending examinations.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579684PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.6515/ACS.202411_40(6).20240913ADOI Listing

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