Circumsporozoite protein-specific active and passive immunization can protect significantly against Plasmodium falciparum malaria and are being considered as tools to prevent placental malaria. Despite recent encouraging findings, a closer view of the underlying biology indicates significant challenges to preventing placental malaria.
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Genetic profiling of Plasmodium falciparum antigenic biomarkers among asymptomatic pregnant women on intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine from southwest Nigeria.
Placenta
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Biotechnology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun, Nigeria.
Introduction: The genetic complexity of Plasmodium falciparum is contributory to the emergence of drug resistant-parasites. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in malaria endemic settings is recommended by WHO. This study evaluated the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance-1 gene (Pfmdr-1), genetic diversity of merozoite surface proteins (msp-1, msp-2) and glutamate-rich protein (glurp) among pregnant women with sub-patent parasitaemia from southwest Nigeria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlacental malaria and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Majang Zone of Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia: a histopathological and molecular study.
Malar J
December 2024
School of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Background: Placental malaria (PM) is characterized by Plasmodium parasite sequestration in the placenta. It is responsible for various adverse pregnancy outcomes, including maternal anaemia and low birth weight (LBW). This study aimed to assess prevalence and risk factors of PM, and gestational malaria (GM), together with the prevalence of congenital malaria (CM), maternal anaemia, and LBW among parturient women attending delivery ward of Metti Health Centre (Metti HC) in Majang Zone of Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.
medRxiv
November 2024
Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Background: High-grade resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in East and Southern Africa has prompted numerous trials evaluating intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine as an alternative to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.
Methods: We conducted individual participant data meta-analyses of randomised trials comparing IPTp with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine on maternal, birth, and infant outcomes. We searched the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.
Effect of HIV and Malaria in Pregnancy on Pertussis-specific Antibodies and Transplacental Antibody Transfer: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study in Mozambican Pregnant Women and Their Infants.
Pediatr Infect Dis J
December 2024
From the Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.
Article Synopsis
- Maternal HIV and malaria infections during pregnancy can negatively impact the transfer of pertussis immunity from mothers to their infants.
- A study in Mozambique, involving 270 mother-infant pairs, found that mothers with HIV had significantly lower placental transfer of pertussis-specific antibodies compared to those without HIV.
- The findings suggest that addressing maternal HIV through healthcare interventions and immunization could help protect infants from pertussis.
Prevalence and factors associated with placental malaria in Lira District, Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.
Malar J
November 2024
Department of Pediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Article Synopsis
- Malaria transmission in Uganda is stable year-round, with placental malaria linked to negative outcomes for mothers and babies, prompting this study in Lira District to explore its prevalence and associated factors among pregnant women.
- A cross-sectional study surveyed 366 women at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, using questionnaires and rapid tests to assess placental malaria, revealing a prevalence of only 4.4%, with associated factors including age below 20 and lack of iron supplementation.
- The findings indicate low placental malaria rates, potentially due to effective malaria control measures, and suggest that public health strategies should enhance adherence to malaria prevention during pregnancy, particularly for younger women.
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