Impact of visual distraction on neonatal mask ventilation: a simulation-based eye-tracking study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether distractions during simulated neonatal resuscitation impact mask leakage and visual gaze patterns during positive pressure ventilation (PPV) of a newborn manikin.

Study Design: In this observational, simulation-based study, medical students and paediatric residents managed a neonate requiring resuscitation alongside a standardised team and executed PPV on a leak-free manikin. The scenario incorporated distractions such as chest compressions, preparation and insertion of an umbilical vein catheter, administering fluids and interpreting venous blood gas. Ventilation parameters were monitored using a respiratory function monitor, and participants were equipped with eye-tracking glasses to assess visual gaze patterns. Additionally, they self-assessed their level of distractions and estimated performance. Measures included dwell time, mask leak, minute volume and respiratory rate to determine whether PPV parameters and distractors were associated during times of interest (TOI).

Results: We included 30 participants and observed statistically significant differences in the delivery of PPV parameters between TOIs with distractions compared with TOIs without distractions, as reflected in mask leak (31.0 vs 15.9 %), minute volume (202.0 vs 253.0 mL/kg/min) and respiratory rate (29.0 vs 33.0/min). Results on alterations in gaze behaviour showed a significant gaze shift from the infant's chest and airway to instruments and other areas of interest when distractions were present. During the venous blood gas interpretation, participants rated their performance worse than during other TOIs. Participants generally overrated their ventilation quality.

Conclusion: This study showed a significant impact of distractions on PPV parameters and visual attention during simulated neonatal resuscitation.