Nanostructured polymer composites for bone and tissue regeneration.

Nanostructured polymer composites have gained significant attention in recent years for their remarkable potential in bone and tissue regeneration. Moreover, with the integration of 3D printing technology, these composites hold promise for use in personalized medicine, where patient-specific scaffolds can be tailored to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, this review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the development and application of nanostructured polymeric composites within the field of tissue engineering and bone regeneration. Here, the potential of biopolymers, natural polymers, and 3D-printed polymers to craft biocompatible, non-toxic, and mechanically robust composites is discussed in brief. Further, the fabrication techniques for 3D scaffolds and various forms of nanocomposites, including nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanofibers, nanogels, and micelles for bone and tissue regeneration, are listed. Also, particular emphasis is placed on the role of nano-scaffolds and in situ hydrogels in bone and tissue regeneration. Overall, this review provides a concise and authoritative summary of the current state-of-the-art in nanostructured polymer composites for regenerative medicine, highlighting future directions and potential clinical applications.