Retrons are notable for their anti-phage defense functions and genome engineering applications. However, only a few retrons have been well characterized. In the August issue of Nature Biotechnology, Khan et al. present hundreds of experimentally studied retrons, which are critical for bacterial immunity research and retron-based genome engineering technologies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.10.011 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
December 2024
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
While a broad consensus about the first successful migration modern humans out of Africa seems established, the peopling of Arabia remains somewhat enigmatic. Identifying the ancestral populations that contributed to the gene pool of the current populations inhabiting Arabia and the impact of their contributions remains a challenging task. We investigate the genetic makeup of the current Yemeni population using 46 whole genomes and 169 genotype arrays derived from Yemeni individuals from all geographic regions across Yemen and 351 genotype arrays derived from neighboring populations providing regional context.
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December 2024
Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
Astrocyte to neuron reprogramming has been performed using viral delivery of neurogenic transcription factors in GFAP expressing cells. Recent reports of off-target expression in cortical neurons following adeno-associated virus (AAV) transduction to deliver the neurogenic factors have confounded our understanding of the efficacy of direct cellular reprogramming. To shed light on potential mechanisms that may underlie the neuronal off-target expression of GFAP promoter driven expression of neurogenic factors in neurons, two regionally distinct cortices were compared-the motor cortex (MC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-and investigated: (1) the regional tropism and astrocyte transduction with an AAV5-GFAP vector, (2) the expression of Gfap in MC and mPFC neurons; and (3) material transfer between astrocytes and neurons.
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December 2024
Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Genetic diversity can influence fitness components such as survival and reproductive success. Yet the association between genetic diversity and fitness based on neutral loci is sometime very weak and inconsistent, with relationships varying among taxa due to confounding effects of population demography and life history. Fitness-diversity relationships are likely to be stronger and more consistent for genes known to influence phenotypic traits, such as immunity-related genes, and may also depend on the genetic differences between breeding partners.
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December 2024
Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
Conjugative plasmids promote the dissemination and evolution of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens. However, plasmid acquisition can produce physiological alterations in the bacterial host, leading to potential fitness costs that determine the clinical success of bacteria-plasmid associations. In this study, we use a transcriptomic approach to characterize the interactions between a globally disseminated carbapenem resistance plasmid, pOXA-48, and a diverse collection of multidrug resistant (MDR) enterobacteria.
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December 2024
Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Evaluating the effectiveness of cancer treatments in relation to specific tumor mutations is essential for improving patient outcomes and advancing the field of precision medicine. Here we represent a comprehensive analysis of 78,287 U.S.
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