Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
The development of small-molecule fluorescent probes has revolutionized the monitoring of physicochemical parameters, offering unprecedented insights into biological processes. In this perspective, we critically examine recent advances and trends in the design and application of fluorescent probes for real-time monitoring of subcellular environments. Traditional concepts such as membrane potential, microviscosity, and micropolarity have been superseded by more biologically relevant parameters like membrane voltage, tension, and hydration, enhancing the accuracy of physiological assessments. This redefinition not only presents an evolved concept with broader applications in monitoring subcellular dynamics but also addresses the unmet needs of subcellular biology more effectively. We also highlight the limitations of commonly used probes in providing specific information about the redox environment, noting their nonspecificity to oxidants and the influence of various chemical interactions. These probes typically rely on free radical mechanisms and require metal catalysts to react with hydrogen peroxide. They include naphthalimide, fluorescein, BODIPY, rhodamine, cyanine cores to cover the UV-vis-near-infrared window. The motif of this perspective is to provide critical insights into trending fluorescent-based systems employed in real-time or physicochemical-responsive monitoring, thus aiming to inform and inspire further research in creating robust and efficient fluorescent probes for comprehensive monitoring applications.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635757 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c05022 | DOI Listing |
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