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Reinnervation of Free Nipple Grafts Associated With Improved Erection Function.
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
January 2025
From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Background: Most patients undergoing breast surgery with free nipple grafts lose nipple erection (NE) function. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nerve preservation and reconstruction with targeted nipple-areola complex reinnervation (TNR) on NE following gender-affirming mastectomy with free nipple grafting.
Methods: Patients undergoing gender-affirming mastectomy with free nipple grafts were prospectively enrolled.
Targeted Nipple-Areola Complex Reinnervation for Sensory Restoration in Gender-Affirming Mastectomy.
JAMA Netw Open
November 2024
Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland.
Targeted Reinnervation During Gender-Affirming Mastectomy and Restoration of Sensation.
JAMA Netw Open
November 2024
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Importance: During gender-affirming mastectomy, nerves are transected, resulting in sensory loss. Nerve preservation using targeted nipple-areola complex (NAC) reinnervation (TNR) may restore sensation.
Objective: To determine the quantitative and patient-reported sensory outcomes of TNR.
Infection following Leech Therapy for the Treatment of Nipple-Areola Complex Congestion after Breast Reduction: A Case Report.
Arch Plast Surg
May 2024
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marche Polytechnic University Medical School, Ancona, Italy.
Several strategies for the management of venous congestion of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) after reduction mammaplasty have been proposed. Among these, hirudotherapy represents an ancient but still effective method, even though the risk of infections related to leeches should be considered. We report a peculiar case of breast infection and sepsis after leech therapy in a patient who underwent a reduction mammaplasty.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Relative Value Unit-Based Model for Targeted Nipple-Areola Complex Neurotization in Gender-Affirming Mastectomy.
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
February 2024
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
Background: For transmasculine individuals, double-incision mastectomy with free nipple grafts is the most common procedure for gender-affirming chest masculinization. However, patients report decreased sensation postoperatively. Direct coaptation of intercostal nerves to the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) is an experimental technique that may preserve postoperative sensation, yet whether reimbursements and billing codes incentivize hospital systems and surgeons to offer this procedure lacks clarity.
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