Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Auditory cortex encodes information about nonlinear combinations of spectro-temporal sound features. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) provide an architecture for generalizable encoding models that can predict time-varying neural activity evoked by natural sounds with substantially greater accuracy than established models. However, the complexity of CNNs makes it difficult to discern the computational properties that support their improved performance. To address this limitation, we developed a method to visualize the tuning subspace captured by a CNN. Single-unit data was recorded using high channel-count microelectrode arrays from primary auditory cortex (A1) of awake, passively listening ferrets during presentation of a large natural sound set. A CNN was fit to the data, replicating approaches from previous work. To measure the tuning subspace, the dynamic spectrotemporal receptive field (dSTRF) was measured as the locally linear filter approximating the input-output relationship of the CNN at each stimulus timepoint. Principal component analysis was then used to reduce this very large set of filters to a smaller subspace, typically requiring 2-10 filters to account for 90% of dSTRF variance. The stimulus was projected into the subspace for each neuron, and a new model was fit using only the projected values. The subspace model was able to predict time-varying spike rate nearly as accurately as the full CNN. Sensory responses could be plotted in the subspace, providing a compact model visualization. This analysis revealed a diversity of nonlinear responses, consistent with contrast gain control and emergent invariance to spectrotemporal modulation phase. Within local populations, neurons formed a sparse representation by tiling the tuning subspace. Narrow spiking, putative inhibitory neurons showed distinct patterns of tuning that may reflect their position in the cortical circuit. These results demonstrate a conceptual link between CNN and subspace models and establish a framework for interpretation of deep learning-based models.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581007 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.07.622384 | DOI Listing |
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