The field of infrared detectors is experiencing a strong movement towards smaller pixel pitches, and it is now common to see pitches close to the wavelength. This raises major problems in measuring their characteristics, especially their transfer function. The latter can be measured by optical pattern projection methods using a low F/# objective, such as the spot scan method. However, in order to obtain the quantitative transfer function measurement of detectors, the objective spatial response should be measured and deconvoluted precisely, since the size of the focused optical spot is close to the pixel pitch. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a protocol that performs an absolute measurement of a high-quality infrared objective. The main idea of the article is to link the measurement standard to a fundamental theory, the Huygens-Fresnel principle, using a particular wavefront sensor as a secondary measurement standard. This has various metrological advantages, that allow the uncertainties of the optical transfer function measurement to be controlled and evaluated. The protocol and the propagation of errors described in the article are both used to demonstrate the value of this approach.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.521266 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Photosynthetic response of Solidago gigantea Aition and Calamagrostis epigejos L. (Roth) to complex environmental stress on heavy metal contaminated sites.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
Studies of in situ plant response and adaptation to complex environmental stresses, are crucial for understanding the mechanisms of formation and functioning of ecosystems of anthropogenically transformed habitats. We study short- and long-term responses of photosynthetic apparatus (PSA) and anti-oxidant capacity to complex abiotic stresses of common plants Calamagrostis epigejos and Solidago gigantea in semi-natural (C) and heavy metal contaminated habitats (LZ). We found significant differences in leaf pigment content between both plant species growing on LZ plots and their respective C populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring the structural, elastic, electronic and thermal properties of Ti-Al-Me (Me = Cu, Fe and Ni) alloys by first-principles studies.
Sci Rep
December 2024
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, Shandong, China.
The welding of titanium alloys is an important topic in today's industrial field, and the interaction between the solder and the base material is crucial for the quality of the welded parts. The structural, elastic, electronic, and thermal properties of Ti-Al-Me (Me = Cu, Fe and Ni) alloys (TAMs) with the face-centered cubic structures were investigated using plane-wave pseudo potential method in the framework of density functional theory. Based on the calculated elastic constants combined with empirical and semi-empirical formulas, physical properties including ductility/brittleness, hardness and anisotropy were calculated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOn machine learnability of local contributions to interatomic potentials from density functional theory calculations.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
Machine learning interatomic potentials, as a modern generation of classical force fields, take atomic environments as input and predict the corresponding atomic energies and forces. We challenge the commonly accepted assumption that the contribution of an atom can be learned from the short-range local environment of that atom. We employ density functional theory calculations to quantify the decay of the induced electron density and electrostatic potential in response to local perturbations throughout insulating, semiconducting and metallic samples of different dimensionalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHyperelastic models for the human zona pellucida and their implications on shear modulus estimation in the clinical practice.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Fertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, 151, Israel.
It has long been speculated that the mechanical properties of the human oocyte can be an indicator for oocyte viability. Recent studies have demonstrated that embryo implantation rates, following Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) procedures, may be increased if the shear modulus value of the oocyte Zona Pellucida (ZP) is taken into consideration during embryo transfer. The shear modulus was determined by an iterative oocyte specific finite element (FE) analysis based on the clinical ICSI data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA drug-drug co-amorphous system for highly improved solubility of breviscapine: an experimental and computational study.
Sci Rep
December 2024
College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
Drug-drug co-amorphous systems are a promising approach to improve the aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. This study explores the combination of breviscapine (BRE) and matrine (MAT) form an amorphous salt, aiming to synergistically enhance the solubility and dissolution of BRE. In silico analysis of electrostatic potential and local ionization energy were conducted on BRE-MAT complex to predict the intermolecular interactions, and solvent-free energies were calculated using thermodynamic integration and density functional theory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!