The terahertz radiation emitted by asymmetrically ionized wavepackets in two-color strong-field tunneling ionization is essential for detecting the system's associated electron dynamics and structural properties. We propose to characterize and control tunneling ionization using a phase-dependent terahertz polarization (PTP) spectrum, analyzed through a combination of the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method, an analytical model based on the virial theorem, and the rigorous solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation as a benchmark. Our results demonstrate that the PTP spectrum offers a high-precision measure of the Coulomb effect through the relative phase of the two-color laser. Comparisons of PTP results calculated using different methods suggest how the electron can be manipulated by controlling the relative phase and laser intensity. In particular, the PTP spectrum can be used to calibrate the relative phase and provides a convenient and robust reconstruction of the time-averaging of tunneling positions with high precision using the analytical model. These insights reveal that the PTP spectrum as a whole can be a new and useful tool for the all-optical characterization of ultrafast atomic and molecular ionization.
Rationale: No systematic investigation into dyspnea in patients receiving prolonged ventilation (>21 days) after recovering from critical-illness has been published.
Objectives: To determine magnitude, nature and pathophysiological basis of dyspnea during an unassisted-breathing trial in prolonged-ventilation patients.
Methods: Dyspnea intensity and descriptor selection were investigated in 27 prolonged-ventilation patients during a 60-min unassisted-breathing trial.
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Plants like maize have developed advanced defenses against insect attacks, including the production of lignin and the ability to communicate stress signals to neighboring plants when infested by pests like Spodoptera frugiperda, enhancing their collective defense mechanisms.
- The protein EXP-A20 plays a critical role in mediating maize's defense response by facilitating the synthesis of key hormones like ethylene, which is essential for activating protective measures against pests such as Ostrinia furnacalis.
- This research uncovered that the volatile compound phytol can enhance defense responses but relies on EXP-A20 for its effectiveness, suggesting a significant connection between hormone signaling and cell wall defense strategies, and pointing towards new strategies for improving pest resistance in maize. *
The terahertz radiation emitted by asymmetrically ionized wavepackets in two-color strong-field tunneling ionization is essential for detecting the system's associated electron dynamics and structural properties. We propose to characterize and control tunneling ionization using a phase-dependent terahertz polarization (PTP) spectrum, analyzed through a combination of the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method, an analytical model based on the virial theorem, and the rigorous solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation as a benchmark. Our results demonstrate that the PTP spectrum offers a high-precision measure of the Coulomb effect through the relative phase of the two-color laser.
In this study, we developed well-aligned ZnO nanoflowers coated with poly-10,12-pentacosadiyonic acid (p-PCDA@ZnO) and modified with Pt nanoparticle (Pt/p-PCDA@ZnO) hybrid photoanodes for highly efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image shows that thin films of the p-PCDA layer were well coated on the ZnO nanoflowers and that Pt nanoparticles were on it. The photoelectrochemical characterizations were made under simulated solar irradiation AM 1.
Introduction: Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), essential and evolutionarily highly conserved enzymes, govern cellular functions by modulating tyrosine phosphorylation, a pivotal post-translational modification for signal transduction. The recent strides in phosphatase drug discovery, leading to the identification of selective modulators for enzymes, restoring interest in the therapeutic targeting of protein phosphatases.
Areas Covered: The compilation of patents up to the year 2023 focuses on the efficacy of various classes of Tyrosine phosphatases and their inhibitors, detailing their chemical structure and biochemical characteristics.
