DNA barcode reveals a new lineage of Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus 1758) in the basins of the Western Northeast Atlantic Region, Brazil.

An Acad Bras Cienc

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde (PPGBAS), Campus Caxias, Rua Duque de Caxias, s/n, Morro do Alecrim, Centro, 65604-380 Caxias, MA, Brazil.

Published: November 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Astyanax bimaculatus, or piabas/lambaris, is a small fish species complex with 18 different species, including some that are hard to distinguish.
  • The study used DNA barcoding to analyze A. bimaculatus populations specifically in Maranhão, comparing genetic diversity to other Brazilian basins and found 32 unique haplotypes.
  • Results showed Maranhão populations are genetically distinct from others, contributing valuable insights into the species' systematics and highlighting significant genetic variation in the region.

Article Abstract

Astyanax bimaculatus are small characids known as piabas or lambaris that form a complex encompassing 18 species, including cryptic species. The present study aimed to use DNA barcode to analyze populations of A. bimaculatus found in Maranhão hydrographic basins, comparing molecular diversity indices between populations from the other Brazilian basins. The results revealed the formation of 32 haplotypes (h = 0.9289; π = 0.0523). Seven haplogroups were formed with intrapopulation genetic distance ranging from 0 to 2%. The Maranhão populations of the Western Northeast Atlantic Region basins separated from the other analyzed basins, corroborating with the groups generated in BAPS and with the Bayesian Inference tree. The occurrence of exclusive OTUs for the Maranhão populations of the Western Northeast Atlantic Region was confirmed through delimitation models. Thus, the data from this study provide information on the genetic diversity of the A. bimaculatus complex with the detection of a different lineage for the State of Maranhão, contributing to the understanding of the group's systematics.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420240161DOI Listing

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