Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the byproducts of nitrogen metabolism. Excess amount of NO is scavenged by phytoglobins. The role of phytoglobin mediated NO homoeostasis in modulation of nitrate transporters was investigated using NO scavenger cPTIO, phytoglobin overexpressing rice and Arabidopsis. Growing plants under low nitrate leads to generation of reduced levels of NO accompanied by elevated expression of high affinity transporters (HATs) such as NRT2.1, NRT2.3 and NRT2.4. Scavenging of NO by cPTIO under optimal nitrate caused enhanced HATs expression. Phytoglobin overexpressing Arabidopsis showed improved growth and enhanced expression of HATs under low nitrogen in comparison to WT. Pretreatment of optimal nitrate grown plants with NO scavenger cPTIO enhanced HATs expression and shifting of these primed plants from optimal to low nitrate leads to further elevation of HATs expression accompanied by enhanced nitrogen uptake and its accumulation with positive effect on growth. Phytoglobin overexpression in rice leads to enhanced HATs expression, improved growth, nitrogen accumulation under low nitrate. Pgb OE lines showed enhanced accumulation of amino acids. Taken together our results suggest an important role of phytoglobins in nitrogen uptake and assimilation.
GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Sixth School of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China. Electronic address:
The complex mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular diseases remain not fully elucidated. Epigenetics, which modulates gene expression without DNA sequence changes, is shedding light on these mechanisms and their heritable effects. This review focus on epigenetic regulation in cardiovascular aging and diseases, detailing specific epigenetic enzymes such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone acetyltransferases (HATs), and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which serve as writers or erasers that modify the epigenetic landscape.
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the byproducts of nitrogen metabolism. Excess amount of NO is scavenged by phytoglobins. The role of phytoglobin mediated NO homoeostasis in modulation of nitrate transporters was investigated using NO scavenger cPTIO, phytoglobin overexpressing rice and Arabidopsis.
Dynamic epigenetic control is essential for proper spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis is a unique mechanism that includes recombination, meiosis, and the conversion of histones to protamines. Epigenetics refers to the ability to modify gene expression without affecting DNA strands directly and helps to regulate the dynamic gene expression throughout the differentiation process of spermatogonium stem cells.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal adult brain tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. GBM poses significant challenges for targeted therapies due to its intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, diffuse infiltration into normal brain parenchyma, protection by the blood-brain barrier and acquisition of therapeutic resistance. Recent studies have implicated epigenetic modifiers as key players driving tumorigenesis, resistance, and progression of GBM.
Histones play a crucial role in regulating gene expression through post -translational modifications (PTMS) which include acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation. We have previously identified histone 3 acetylation (H3Kac) and methylation (H3Kme) as an early epigenetic mechanism associated with intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark feature of sleep apnea. The goal of the present study was to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying IH increased H3 acetylation.
