Chemometric approaches for polysaccharide viscosity profiling.

Traditional viscosity measurements for carrageenan are laborious, present practical and environmental challenges, and fail to provide structure-property understanding for application and manufacturing development. We hypothesize that integrating Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) with Multi-Angle Light Scattering (MALS) and online viscometry, combined with chemometric techniques, can develop a more efficient and environmentally friendly method for determining the apparent viscosity of carrageenan solutions. To test this hypothesis, predictive chemometric models were developed using SEC-MALS data for carrageenan extracted from four different seaweed species. By integrating SEC-MALS with Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression, key molecular parameters such as hydrodynamic radius, intrinsic viscosity, and molecular mass were identified as significant influencers of viscosity. The model for carrageenan from Eucheuma denticulatum yielded the lowest prediction error (RMSEP 8.4), while those for carrageenan extracted from Kappaphycus alvarezii or from several species of the Chondrus genus showed higher errors due to κ-carrageenan sensitivity. For carrageenan extracted from seaweed of the Gigartina genus, incorporating the root mean square radius resulted in a low prediction error of 10. This study concludes that integrating SEC-MALS with PLS regression effectively identifies key molecular parameters influencing carrageenan viscosity, enhancing structure-property understanding and providing a reliable analytical method for optimizing quality control and application in various industries.