AI Article Synopsis

  • Large vessel vasculitides (LVV) are inflammatory disorders that primarily affect large arteries like the aorta, often linked to conditions such as giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis, with age and gender influencing prevalence.
  • Giant cell arteritis commonly occurs in individuals over 50, especially women, while Takayasu arteritis typically affects younger women; both require urgent diagnosis to prevent serious complications like blindness or artery damage.
  • Noninvasive imaging techniques, such as ultrasound and MRI, have revolutionized the diagnosis and management of LVV, reducing the need for invasive procedures and aiding in monitoring treatment response and disease progression.

Article Abstract

Large vessel vasculitides (LVV) comprise a group of inflammatory disorders that involve the large arteries, such as the aorta and its primary branches. The cause of LVV is often rheumatologic and includes giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Giant cell arteritis is the most common form of LVV affecting people >50 years of age with a slight female predominance. Takayasu arteritis is more frequently seen in younger populations and is significantly more common in women. Prompt identification of LVV is crucial as it can lead to debilitating complications if left untreated, including blindness in the case of giant cell arteritis and large artery stenosis and aneurysms in the case of all forms of LVV. Noninvasive imaging methods have greatly changed the approach to managing LVV. Today, imaging (with ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography) is routinely used in the diagnosis of LVV. In patients with giant cell arteritis, imaging often spares the use of invasive procedures such as temporal artery biopsy. In addition, vascular imaging is also crucial for longitudinal surveillance of arterial damage. Finally, imaging is currently being studied for its role in assessing treatment response and ongoing disease activity and its potential value in determining the presence of vascular wall remodeling (eg, scarring). This review explores the current uses of noninvasive vascular imaging in LVV.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11619766PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.124.015982DOI Listing

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