Visual feedback training (VFT) plays an important role in the motor rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the neural mechanisms are unclear. We aimed to investigate the changes in dynamic functional network connectivity (FNC) related to visual networks (VN) in patients with SCI and to reveal the neural mechanism of VFT promoting motor function rehabilitation. Dynamic FNC and the sliding window method were performed in 18 complete SCI (CSCI), 16 patients with incomplete SCI (ISCI), and 42 healthy controls (HCs). Then, k-mean clustering was implemented to identify discrete FNC states, and temporal properties were computed. The correlations between these dynamic features and neurological parameters in all patients with SCI were calculated. The majority of aberrant FNC was manifested between VN and executive control network (ECN). In addition, compared with HCs, temporal metrics derived from state transition vectors were decreased in patients with CSCI including the mean dwell time and the fraction of time spent in state 3. Furthermore, the disrupted FNC between salience network and ECN in state 2 and the number of transitions were all positively correlated with neurological scores in patients with SCI. Our findings indicated that SCI could result in VN-related FNC alterations, revealing the possible mechanism for VFT in rehabilitation of patients with SCI and increasing the training efficacy and promoting rehabilitation for SCI.
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