A vertebrate embryo undergoes gastrulation, wherein it reorganises into a structure with three germ layers and three distinct body axes. Here, Vikas Trivedi and colleagues investigate spatial patterning of germ layers in the absence of external cues. To find out more about their work, we spoke to the first author, Kerim Anlaş, and the corresponding author, Vikas Trivedi, Research Group Leader and Co-Chair of Theory Transversal Theme at European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Barcelona, Spain.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.204481 | DOI Listing |
Development
November 2024
EMBL Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Minimal in vitro systems composed of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been shown to recapitulate the establishment of the anteroposterior (AP) axis. In contrast to the native embryo, ESC aggregates - such as gastruloids - can break symmetry, which is demarcated by polarization of the mesodermal marker T, autonomously without any localized external cues. However, associated earliest patterning events, such as the spatial restriction of cell fates and concomitant transcriptional changes, remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Cell Biol
October 2023
Tissue Biology and Disease Modelling, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
Stem cell models for early mammalian development offer new experimental opportunities to access spatio-temporal details of the cell-cell interactions that govern cell differentiation and tissue patterning. This review summarizes recent studies that have used stem cell models to investigate the spatial range of developmental cell-cell communication systems. A key message from these works is that important biochemical signals for cell differentiation in these systems, such as Nodal and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), often act over short distances of only a few cell diameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Methods
December 2023
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Recent methodological advances in measurements of geometry and forces in the early embryo and its models are enabling a deeper understanding of the complex interplay of genetics, mechanics and geometry during development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFiScience
October 2023
Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Individual cells exhibit substantial heterogeneity in protein abundance and activity, which is frequently reflected in broad distributions of fluorescently labeled reporters. Since all cellular components are intrinsically fluorescent to some extent, the observed distributions contain background noise that masks the natural heterogeneity of cellular populations. This limits our ability to characterize cell-fate decision processes that are key for development, immune response, tissue homeostasis, and many other biological functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Chem Biol
September 2023
Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA. Electronic address:
Engineering synthetic heterotrophy is a key to the efficient bio-based valorization of renewable and waste substrates. Among these, engineering hemicellulosic pentose utilization has been well-explored in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) over several decades-yet the answer to what makes their utilization inherently recalcitrant remains elusive. Through implementation of a semi-synthetic regulon, we find that harmonizing cellular and engineering objectives are a key to obtaining highest growth rates and yields with minimal metabolic engineering effort.
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