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Causality between autoimmune diseases and schizophrenia: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • This study investigates the relationship between autoimmune diseases and schizophrenia through a Mendelian randomization analysis in individuals of European descent, addressing previous conflicting findings.
  • Results suggest that ankylosing spondylitis increases the risk of schizophrenia, while celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus may decrease it; conversely, schizophrenia is related to higher risks of some autoimmune conditions.
  • The research highlights a potential causal connection between autoimmune diseases and schizophrenia, emphasizing the need for further studies to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Article Abstract

Background: Observational studies have shown a link between autoimmune diseases and schizophrenia, with conflicting conclusions. Due to the existence of confounding factors, the causal link between autoimmune diseases and schizophrenia is still unknown.

Method: We conducted a comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of schizophrenia and ten common autoimmune diseases in individuals of European descent using genome-wide association studies (GWASs). To evaluate the relationships between autoimmune diseases and schizophrenia, inverse variance weighted, MR-RAPS, Bayesian weighted MR, constrained maximum likelihood, debiased IVW, MR-Egger, and weighted median were utilized. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the reliability of the study's results.

Results: Our findings reveal that genetically predicted ankylosing spondylitis is related to an increased risk of schizophrenia, whereas celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus are associated with a lower risk of schizophrenia. In the reverse MR analysis, our study indicated that genetically predicted schizophrenia is linked to higher risks of ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. Neither multiple sclerosis nor rheumatoid arthritis have been linked to schizophrenia, and vice versa.

Conclusion: Despite contradicting some other observational reports, this study showed support for a causal link between autoimmune diseases and schizophrenia. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of immune-mediated schizophrenia, additional research is required to identify potential mechanisms identified in observational studies.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568594PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-06287-wDOI Listing

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