Ubiquitination and Metabolic Disease.

The increasing incidence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in the past decade is a serious concern worldwide. Disruption of cellular protein homeostasis has been considered as a crucial contributor to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. To maintain protein homeostasis, cells have evolved multiple dynamic and self-regulating quality control processes to adapt new environmental conditions and prevent prolonged damage. Among them, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), the primary proteolytic pathway for degradation of aberrant proteins via ubiquitination, has an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to intracellular stress. Correspondingly, accumulating evidences have shown that dysregulation of ubiquitination can aggravate various metabolic derangements in many tissues, including the liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and adipose tissue, and is involved in the initiation and progression of diverse metabolic diseases. In this part, we will summarize the role of ubiquitination in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including obesity, T2DM and NAFLD, and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target.