Spatial Distribution Pattern of Within China and Its Potential Distribution Under Climate Change and Human Activity.

is a pest that interferes with the health of forests and hinders the development of the fruit tree industry, and its spread is influenced by changes in abiotic factors and human activities. Therefore, exploring their spatial distribution patterns and potential distribution areas under such conditions is crucial for maintaining forest ecosystem security. This study analyzed the spatial differentiation characteristics of the geographic distribution pattern of in China using Moran's and the Getis-Ord General index. Hot spot distribution areas were identified using Getis-Ord Gi*. An optimized MaxEnt model was used to predict the potential distribution areas of within China under four shared economic pathways by combining multivariate environmental data: (1) prediction of natural environmental variables predicted under current climate models; (2) prediction of natural environmental variables + human activities under current climate models; and (3) prediction of natural environmental variables under the future climate models (2050s and 2070s). Meanwhile, MigClim was used to simulate the unoccupied suitable area in the presence of obstacles under future climate change. The results showed that human activities, minimum temperature of the coldest month, and precipitation of the wettest month had positive effects on the distribution of . However, in the current period, human activities drastically reduced the survival area of , and its suitable distribution area was mainly concentrated in the eastern and central regions of China. Under the influence of climate change in the future, the habitat of will gradually increase. Additionally, the MigClim model indicates that the area unoccupied by has been on a continuous increasing trend. This study provides a positive reference for the prevention and control of and the maintenance of forest health and ecosystem security, and provides important theoretical guidance for researchers, policymakers, and governments.