The microbiome biomarkers of pregnant women's vaginal area predict preterm prelabor rupture in Western China.

Front Cell Infect Microbiol

Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Published: November 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • * The study used various microbiological tests and high-throughput sequencing to analyze vaginal microbiota, revealing that women with PPROM had a higher presence of certain bacteria compared to those with normal full-term labor.
  • * Results showed that an abnormal vaginal microbiome, characterized by specific opportunistic bacteria like E. coli and Streptococcus agalactiae, is a crucial risk factor for PPROM, indicating the importance of monitoring vaginal health in pregnancy.

Article Abstract

Introduction: Intraamniotic infection is crucial in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes(PPROM), a clinical condition resulting from the invasion of vaginal opportunistic microbes into the amniotic cavity. Although previous studies have suggested potential associations between infection and PPROM, the role of vaginalopportunistic bacteria in PPROM has received limited attention.

Methods: This study aimed to confirm the vaginal bacterial etiology of PPROM. We investigated vaginal microbiotas using automatic analysis of vaginal discharge, microbiological tests, and 16s rRNA genehigh-throughput sequencing.

Results: The research findings revealed that the proportion of parabasal epitheliocytes, leukocytes, toxic leukocytes, and bacteria with diameters smaller than 1.5 um was significantly higher in the PPROM group than that in the normal full-term labor (TL) group. The top three vaginal opportunistic bacterial isolates in all participants were 9.47% Escherichia coli, 5.99% Streptococcus agalactiae, and 3.57% Enterococcus faecalis. The bacterial resistance differed, but all the isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin. Compared with the vaginal microbiota dysbiosis (VMD) TL (C) group, the VMD PPROM (P) group demonstrated more operational taxonomic units, a high richness of bacterial taxa, and a different beta-diversity index. Indicator species analysis revealed that Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus crispatus, and Veillonellaceae bacterium DNF00626 were strongly associated with the C group. Unlike the C group, the indicator bacteria in the P group were Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae.

Discussion: These findings provide solidevidence that an abnormal vaginal microbiome is a very crucial risk factorclosely related to PPROM. There were no unique bacteria in the vaginalmicrobiota of the PPROM group; however, the relative abundance of bacteria inthe abnormal vaginal flora of PPROM pregnancies differed. Antibiotics should bereasonably selected based on drug sensitivity testing. The findings presented in this paper enhance our understanding of Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli vaginal bacterial etiology of PPROM in Western China.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560878PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1471027DOI Listing

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