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Transdiagnostic Attentional Deficits Are Associated with Depressive and Externalizing Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Neuropsychiatric Disorders. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study explored how attention deficits, such as inattention and impulsivity, relate to various psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, using the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT-II) for assessment.
  • A principal component analysis identified three key factors of attention deficits: inattention, impulsivity, and vigilance, revealing strong correlations between inattention and symptoms of hyperactivity, aggression, and depression.
  • Results indicate that attentional deficits are common across multiple disorders, suggesting that a broader, dimensional approach may improve diagnosis and treatment rather than relying strictly on categorical labels.

Article Abstract

Objective: Although inattention, impulsivity, and impairments to vigilance are most associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), transdiagnostic attentional deficits are prevalent across all psychiatric disorders. To further elucidate this relationship, the present study investigated parent-reported neuropsychiatric symptom correlates of attention deficits using the factor structure of the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT-II), a neuropsychological test of attention.

Method: Two-hundred and eighteen children and adolescents (7-21 years old) completed the CPT-II as part of standard clinical protocol during outpatient pediatric neuropsychology visits. The factor structure of the CPT-II was determined with a principal component analysis (PCA) using Promax rotation. Pearson correlation analyses and regression models examined the relationship between the generated factor structure, parent-reported clinical symptoms, and pre-determined clinical diagnoses.

Results: Results from the PCA suggested a three-factor model best supported the structure of the CPT-II, and were subsequently defined as inattention, impulsivity, and vigilance. Performance-based inattention was significantly correlated with parent-reported hyperactivity, aggression, conduct problems, and depression. Parent-reported depressive symptoms and conduct problems were the strongest correlates of performance-based inattention, not hyperactivity or aggression. Performance-based inattention was significantly associated with an ADHD diagnosis but not a depression or anxiety diagnosis.

Conclusions: Findings suggest attentional deficits are not specific to any one disorder. To enhance the identification, classification, and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, both researchers and clinicians alike must diminish the importance of categorical approaches to child/adolescent psychopathology and continue to consider the dimensionality of transdiagnostic characteristics such as inattention.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acae103DOI Listing

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