High-precision microwave spectroscopy has been used to measure the transition frequency of nS → nP (n is the principle quantum number) and further the quantum defect of nP states in a standard cesium magneto-optical trap. A microwave field with 30-μs duration coupling the nS → nP transition yields a narrow linewidth microwave spectroscopy with the linewidth approaching the Fourier limit. After carefully compensating the stray electric and magnetic field and using the diluted atomic gas, we extract improved quantum defects of nP state, δ(nP) = 3.59159091(19), δ(nP) = 0.36092(35) and δ(nP) = 3.55907153(25), δ(nP) = 0.37344(47).
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