ZnFe-LDH synthesized by seed-induced method to simultaneous enhance arsenic removal, stabilization and sludge reduction.

To simultaneously enhance arsenic removal, stabilization and sludge reduction, a seed-induced method was applied to in-stiu synthesize ZnFe-LDH containing arsenic (ZnFe-As-LDH). The optimal seed was determined to be ZnFe-LDH by analyzing the effects of the unseeded system and seed-induced system (FeFe-LDH, ferrihydrite and ZnFe-LDH). In the ZnFe-LDH seed system, the arsenic removal efficiency increased and the arsenic leaching concentration were drastically reduced by 91.33 % under the optimal conditions as the seeds dosage of 2.5 g/L, pH 10 and Zn/Fe ratio of 1.5. The addition of seed crystals promoted crystal growth and aggregation and finally regulated the formation of dense bulk LDH with fewer pores and smaller pore sizes. The arsenic removal and stabilization were achieved by converting active arsenic into more stable crystalline bound arsenic through coprecipitation, ion exchange and complexation. The SV was reduced by 73.68 % and it was due to reduction of unstable surface water and interspace and crystallinity enhancement. The formation pathway of ZnFe-As-LDH by seed-induced was elucidated. The seed-induced method promoted the formation of arsenic-containing ferrihydrite and Zn(OH) coprecipitations on the surface of ZnFe-LDH seed, and led to a structural rearrangement to generate ZnFe-As-LDH.