PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE IN A TERTIARY CENTER IN DAKAR.

Background: Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) comprises deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and ranks third among cardiovascular pathologies. Despite its growing burden in Africa, epidemiological data on VTE in Senegal is scarce. Conclusion: Venous thromboembolic disease is a prevalent and potentially severe condition, especially among relatively young individuals in our setting. Identification of risk factors and appropriate management strategies are essential for optimizing patient outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of VTE in a cardiology department, identify risk factors, and characterize diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Methods: A four-year cross-sectional study (January 2019 to December 2022) was conducted at the cardiology department of Idrissa Pouye General Hospital in Dakar. Patients with confirmed VTE diagnosed by imaging were included. Patient demographics, clinical presentations, Wells score for risk stratification, etiological factors, treatment modalities, and complications were collected. Data analysis was performed using R version 4.3.1.

Results: A total of 190 patient records were analyzed, revealing an overall VTE prevalence of 6.34%. The mean age was 48.2 years, with a female predominance. Clinical manifestations included leg swelling and pain for DVT and dyspnea, chest pain, and tachycardia for PE. The Wells score indicated a high probability in 53% of DVT cases and an intermediate probability in 66.4% of PE cases. Etiological factors were dominated by prolonged immobility (37.2%) and long-distance travel (34.4%). Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were administered in 41.6%. Thrombolysis was administered in 17.27% of PE cases, and limb compression was used in 83.7% of DVT cases. The mortality rate was 4.73%.

Conclusion: Venous thromboembolic disease is a prevalent and potentially severe condition, especially among relatively young individuals in our setting. Identification of risk factors and appropriate management strategies are essential for optimizing patient outcomes.