Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Vehicle headlights create pulsed artificial light at night (pALAN) that is unpredictable, intense and extends into previously dark areas. Nocturnal insects often have remarkable low-light vision, but their slow pupillary light responses may leave them vulnerable to pALAN, which has important ecological consequences. To test this, we exposed nocturnal moths-important pollinators and prey-to four pALAN treatments. These comprised 'cool' and 'warm' lights, either emitted from phosphor-coated light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or RGB (red-green-blue) LEDs, matched in colour (CCT) and intensity to human vision. We assessed the initial behavioural response, likely crucial to the survival of an organism, of 428 wild-caught moths comprising 64 species. We found that exposure to a cool phosphor-coated LED light pulse increased instances of erratic flight and flight-to-light that are likely detrimental as they increase the risks of impact with a vehicle, predation or excess energy expenditure. Our findings suggest that pALAN can cause a wide range of behavioural responses in nocturnal moths, but that the most harmful effects could be minimized by reversing the current shift towards high CCT (cool) phosphor-coated LED car headlights. Lower CCT or RGB alternatives are likely to provide benefits for road safety while reducing ecological harm.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557245 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2024.0403 | DOI Listing |
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