The Role of Adjunctive Triamcinolone Acetonide in Post-traumatic Vitreoretinal Surgery: Current Insights and Future Perspectives.

Post-traumatic vitreoretinal surgery is pivotal for repairing damage to the retina and vitreous body, commonly resulting from blunt or penetrating ocular trauma. Incorporating adjunctive pharmacological agents, particularly triamcinolone acetonide (TA), has gained considerable prominence in optimizing surgical outcomes. TA, a potent corticosteroid, is applied intraoperatively to improve the visualization of vitreous structures and epiretinal membranes, enabling surgeons to perform more precise maneuvers. Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory properties are instrumental in reducing postoperative complications such as macular edema and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), conditions that could hinder recovery and compromise visual acuity. TA use during vitrectomy enhances surgical precision and contributes to a smoother postoperative recovery. However, concerns surrounding potential side effects, such as steroid-induced ocular hypertension and cataract formation, necessitate careful patient selection and close monitoring throughout its use. Looking ahead, innovations in sustained-release formulations and combination therapies may further augment TA efficacy while reducing associated risks. This review provides current insights into TA application in post-traumatic vitreoretinal surgeries and highlights emerging trends poised to enhance its therapeutic role.