Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and their metabolites (mOPEs) are emerging pollutants. In this study, 18 OPEs and 10 mOPEs were measured in the 6th and 7th Beijing total diet studies (TDSs), and the dietary intakes of these pollutants by Beijing adults were estimated to assess related health concerns. Most OPEs and mOPEs had high detecting frequencies in both TDSs, which indicated that various foods in Beijing have been universally contaminated with OPEs and mOPEs. Statistical analysis further confirmed that the levels of both ∑OPEs and ∑mOPEs in the 7th Beijing TDS were significantly higher than those in the 6th study, indicating heavier contamination of both OPEs and their metabolites with time. Along with increasing OPE/mOPE contamination level and food consumption values, significant increases of EDIs were observed during the two studies, with the average EDIs of ∑OPEs increasing from 5.07 to 24.1 ng/kg bw/day, and that of ∑mOPEs increasing from 2.07 to 7.23 ng/kg bw/day. Although a comparison between EDIs and reference of doses (RfDs) indicated that current intakes of OPEs could still not cause significant health risks, the sharply increasing contamination levels and EDIs suggested the necessity to continuously monitor these emerging food contaminants.
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Organophosphate esters and their metabolites in Beijing total diets: Occurrence, time trend, and dietary exposure assessment.
Food Chem Toxicol
December 2024
School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. Electronic address:
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and their metabolites (mOPEs) are emerging pollutants. In this study, 18 OPEs and 10 mOPEs were measured in the 6th and 7th Beijing total diet studies (TDSs), and the dietary intakes of these pollutants by Beijing adults were estimated to assess related health concerns. Most OPEs and mOPEs had high detecting frequencies in both TDSs, which indicated that various foods in Beijing have been universally contaminated with OPEs and mOPEs.
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Article Synopsis
- Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and their metabolites (mOPEs) are increasingly recognized as harmful environmental pollutants, prompting the need for better analytical methods to measure them in human samples.
- This study developed a streamlined analytical technique using cold-induced liquid-liquid extraction (CI-LLE) and HPLC-MS/MS to simultaneously detect 18 OPEs and 10 mOPEs in human serum, urine, and milk.
- Results confirmed that the method had high sensitivity (with detection limits as low as 0.1 pg/mL), good recovery rates (80-123%), and minimal interference from the sample matrix, highlighting the widespread presence of OPEs and mOPEs in humans.
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