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[Nephrology: what's new in 2024 (I)].
Rev Med Suisse
January 2025
Service de néphrologie et d'hypertension, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois et Université de Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne.
From immunoglobulin A nephropathy to primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, sparsentan expands its indications. Complement inhibitors offer new hope for patients with certain poor-prognosis glomerulonephritides. Semaglutide enjoys great success, promising nephro- and cardioprotection for type 2 diabetics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraditional, alternative, and emerging therapeutics for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Expert Opin Pharmacother
January 2025
Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, A.O.U. "G.Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Introduction: Segmental focal glomerulosclerosis is a histological lesion characterized by podocyte damage. It may be a primary disease linked to an unknown circulating factor, secondary to viral infections, drug toxicity, or a disadaptive response to the loss of nephrons, or it may depend on gene mutations or have an indeterminate cause. The treatment of the primary form involves immunosuppressors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndothelin receptor antagonists in chronic kidney disease.
Nat Rev Nephrol
December 2024
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor that has diverse physiological functions in the kidney, including in the regulation of blood flow and glomerular filtration, electrolyte homeostasis and endothelial function. Overexpression of endothelin-1 contributes to the pathophysiology of both diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Selective endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) that target the endothelin A (ET) receptor have demonstrated benefits in animal models of kidney disease and in clinical trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProteinuria and Progression of Renal Damage: The Main Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Pharmacological Approach.
Medicina (Kaunas)
November 2024
Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, A.O.U. "G.Martino", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
The integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier maintains protein excretion below 150 mg/day. When urinary proteins increase, this indicates damage to the filtration barrier. However, proteinuria is not only a marker of kidney damage but also exacerbates it through various mechanisms involving the glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmerging perspectives in the management of IgA nephropathy: a comprehensive review.
Porto Biomed J
November 2024
Nephrology Department, Hospital de Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal.
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent form of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and renal failure. This disorder is characterized by the deposition of immune complexes containing galactose-deficient forms of IgA and complement C3 in the glomeruli. Until now, disease management relied mainly on optimized supportive care.
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