Primary orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic prediction.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of a rare malignant tumour, primary orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS), and identify the risk factors influencing its prognosis.

Methods: A total of 15 patients with histologically confirmed primary orbital MCS were enrolled between April 2013 and October 2022. The relationships between clinicopathological features and outcomes, including recurrence and survival were analyzed.

Results: During the follow-up period, 9 patients (60%) experienced disease relapse, and 7 patients (46.7%) succumbed to the disease. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positive rates for SMA, CD-99, S-100, vimentin, and Bcl-2 at 60%, 60%, 53.3%, 100%, and 93.3%, respectively. The Ki67 index was positively associated with the recurrence and mortality rates.

Conclusion: Our study suggested that the Ki67 index could be a vital prognostic factor for MCS. Further follow-up studies are required to assess the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in improving patient outcomes.