[The development of regulation of pharmaceuticals turn-over in EU and the USA in 1992-2020. Report 3. The making of the EU legislation of pharmaceuticals turn-over in 2001-2020]. | LitMetric
This article proceeds the topic of the article "The development of regulation of the circulation of medicines in the EU and the USA in 1992-2020." The history of development of European pharmaceutical legislation in 2001-2020 is considered. The acts of indirect action adopted by EU Parliament at first stage of development of legislation concerning medications failed to fully harmonize normative base of the EU Member States in pharmaceutical market. Since 2000, the EU Parliament and the EU Council adopt laws of direct action - the Regulations. Alongside with the pharmaceutical Code, the Regulations for single segments of pharmaceutical market constituted set of laws related to turn-over of medications. The legislators, at developing EU laws, took into account the US regulatory standards. Despite differences in history, legislative traditions and structure, regulatory systems of the USA and the EU concerning medications turn-over were basically harmonized.
NAC [NO APICAL MERISTEM (NAM), ARABIDOPSIS TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR FACTOR 1/2 (ATAF1/2), and CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC2)] transcription factors are key regulators of plant growth, development, and stress responses but were also crucial players during land plant adaptation and crop domestication. Using representative members of green algae, bryophytes, lycophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, we expanded the evolutionary history of NAC transcription factors to unveil the relationships among members of this gene family. We found a massive increase in the number of NAC transcription factors from green algae to lycophytes and an even larger increase in flowering plants.
Adipocytes represent a significant proportion of breast tissue, comprising between 3.7 and 37% of stromal tissue. They play a pivotal role in metabolic regulation, energy supply, metabolic regulation, support effects, and cytokine release within the breast.
METTL3, an m6A methyltransferase, is integral to the regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) biogenesis, degradation, and translation through the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Alterations in m6A homeostasis have been implicated in the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of certain cancers. The present research aims to examine the consequences of METTL3 knockdown using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on the proliferation and invasive capabilities of human colorectal and melanoma cancer cell lines.
Gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The prognosis often depends on early detection and understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in its progression. Periodic tryptophan protein 1 (PWP1) has emerged as a novel diagnostic marker, potentially linked to gastric cancer progression.
