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Addressing the mounting challenge of ammonia nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems necessitates the selective oxidation of ammonia nitrogen to nitrogen gas, a pivotal aspect of eco-friendly nitrogen removal processes. Ultrasound cavitation, renowned for its capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), has garnered considerable attention in environmental remediation. This study reveals a highly synergistic mechanism in ultrasound coupled stirring (US-ST), establishing optimal coupling conditions through sound field monitoring and quantification of ROS. In comparison to ultrasound treatment alone (US), the sound pressure amplitude significantly increased from ±18 to ±30 kPa in US-ST, markedly reducing the cavitation nucleation threshold and augmenting the steady-state concentration of hydroxyl radicals (HO) by 13-fold. Further, with appropriate charge transfer conditions enabled by the acoustoelectric characteristics of the passive film on stirring paddles, the concentrations of superoxide (O) and singlet oxygen (O) elevated to 9.54 × 10 M and 8.43 × 10 M, respectively. Under the regulation of 500 rpm stirring vortex, a maximum sonochemical efficiency of 6.5 × 10 mg J was achieved. In the context of domestic wastewater, ammonia nitrogen degradation was achieved through the oxidation and thermal dissociation effects of US-ST. The concentration decreased from 27.5 to 3.4 mg/L after 2 h, with an impressive N selectivity of 96.8%. This study elucidates the targeted conversion mechanism of ammonia nitrogen in US-ST, introducing an emerging water treatment technology propelled by mechanical energy.
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