How many times can a diffusing molecule permeate across a membrane or be adsorbed on a substrate? We employ an encounter-based approach to find the statistics of adsorption or permeation events for molecular diffusion in a general confining medium. Various features of these statistics are illustrated for two practically relevant cases: a flat boundary and a spherical confinement. Some applications of these fundamental results are discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215012 | DOI Listing |
Membranes (Basel)
December 2024
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
Currently, the main limitations of Pd-coated Nb-TiFe dual-phase alloys include insufficient hydrogen permeability, susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement (HE), and poor tolerance of HS poisoning. To address these issues, this study proposes a series of improvements. First, a novel NbTiFe alloy composed of a well-aligned Nb-TiFe eutectic was successfully prepared using directional solidification (DS) technology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem Lett
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States.
Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy was applied to study the surface hydration and protein adsorption behavior on several polymer coatings based on pyridine, imidazole, and amine side groups along with vinyl or methacrylate backbones and their corresponding zwitterionic forms with carboxybetaine or sulfobetaine side chains, prepared by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). iCVD also enables facile tuning of the cross-linking density of the polymer coatings by blending in a cross-linker during the deposition, namely, 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane. Our results show that both the low- and high-cross-linking density zwitterionic polymers exhibit significantly better antifouling activities compared to those of the polymers without the zwitterionic side chains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
November 2024
Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
The study of the co-transport of Cr(VI) and microplastics (MPs) in porous media is important for predicting migration behavior and for achieving pollution removal in natural soils and groundwater. In this work, the effect of MPs on Cr(VI) migration in saturated porous media was investigated at different ionic strengths (ISs) and pHs. The results showed that pH 7 and low IS (5 mM), respectively, promoted the movement of Cr(VI), which was further promoted by the presence of MPs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
The development of effective oral drug delivery systems for targeted gut-to-liver transport remains a significant challenge due to the multiple biological barriers including the harsh gastrointestinal tract (GIT) environment and the complex protein corona (PC) formation. In this study, we developed ligand-modified nanoparticles (NPs) that enable gut-to-liver drug delivery by crossing the GIT and attenuating PC formation. Specifically, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were functionalized with peptides targeting the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), capitalizing on FcRn expression in the small intestine and liver for targeted drug delivery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
December 2024
School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
Pickering emulsions stabilized by surfactant-modified SiO nanoparticles demonstrate good stability against droplet coalescence, showing application potential for enhanced oil recovery in high-temperature and high-salinity environments. Adjusting the adsorption ratio of surfactant on the nanoparticles significantly affects the wettability of nanoparticles and therefore regulates the microstructure and properties of Pickering emulsions. In this study, a saturated monolayer adsorption occurs at a surfactant-to-nanoparticles ratio of 0.
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