Spraying KHPO Alleviates the Damage of Spring Low-Temperature Stress by Improving the Physiological Characteristics of Wheat Flag Leaves.

The low-temperature stress (LTS) in spring results in tremendous yield loss in wheat production, and the application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KHPO) can alleviate stress-induced damage. However, the underlying effect of spraying KHPO on the physiological characteristics of wheat flag leaves under spring LTS remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of spraying KHPO on flag leaf physiological traits and yield under spring LTS, including treatments at 15 °C and spraying HO (CK), treatment at -4 °C and spraying HO (LT1), and treatment at -4 °C and spraying KHPO (LT2). The results showed that spraying KHPO significantly increased the activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), the peroxidase (POD), and the catalase (CAT), and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the flag leaves. Compared to LT1, the SOD, POD, and CAT activities in the flag leaves of the Yangnong19 (YN19) and Xinmai26 (XM26) via LT2 increased by 5.5%, 10.9%, and 3.9%, and 5.4%, 9.2%, and 4.4%, respectively, and the MDA content of the YN19 and XM26 decreased by 10.5% and 9.1%, respectively, at 0-12 d after low temperature treatment (DALTT). Spraying KHPO appreciably alleviated damage to the leaf cell morphology and tissue integrity, and increased the accumulation of proline and soluble protein, the chlorophyll content, and the activities of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The net photosynthetic rate in the flag leaves of the YN19 and XM26 via LT2 increased by 37.9% and 35.9%, respectively, at 0-12 DALTT, compared to LT1. Moreover, spraying KHPO reduced the yield loss rate of the YN19 and XM26 by 13.06% and 16.72%, respectively. The present study demonstrates that spraying KHPO can enhance wheat resistance to spring LTS and maintain the photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves, alleviating the negative effects of LTS on grain yield.