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Identification and determination of usnic acid and fatty acid from various lichen species in arequipa, Peru, as well as antibacterial and antioxidant capacity. | LitMetric

Identification and determination of usnic acid and fatty acid from various lichen species in arequipa, Peru, as well as antibacterial and antioxidant capacity.

Heliyon

Faculdade de Ciencias, Departamento de Quíımica and Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marquês de D'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.

Published: November 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Seven lichen species were collected from Arequipa, Peru, to analyze their usnic acid (UA) and fatty acid (FA) content using HPLC-DAD and GC-FID methods.
  • The study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of the extracts against various ATCC bacterial strains and examined their antioxidant capacities through different assays like TPC, DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP.
  • Results showed that one lichen had the highest FA concentration and demonstrated strong antibacterial properties, while another lichen exhibited significant antioxidant potential, suggesting their use as sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds.

Article Abstract

Seven species of lichens such us aff. , , , , , (rock and tree substrates; rs and ts), and were collected from the province of Arequipa - Peru. Their usnic acid (UA) and fatty acid (FA) amounts in methanol-acetone were determined by High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The antimicrobial activities of these extracts were evaluated against ATCC strains (43300, 29213, 25923 and 700699), strains (O157:H7 and ATCC 10536), sv ATCC 14028, ATCC 90028 and ATCC 750T. In addition, antioxidant capacity was also studied by Total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, 2,2-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic Acid (ABTS) radical cation and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The UA contents in all the studied lichen species varied between 0.017 and 0.304 %. Among all the tested extracts, had the highest total FA concentration (5.81 mg/g). (rs) was active against strains (MIC = 0.02-0.2 mg/mL) as well as (MIC = 4 mg/mL) and (MIC = 3 mg/mL). (ts) displayed moderate total phenol content (TPC = 29.1 ± 1.6 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant capacity evidenced by scavenging DPPH (IC = 1.45 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and ABTS (18.2 ± 0.2 mg TE/g) radicals, but it showed high values of FRAP (1953 ± 87 μM Fe/g). Our findings indicate that (rs) could be considered as a potential antimicrobial metabolites source whereas (ts) and for polyphenols with antioxidant compound.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539319PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39703DOI Listing

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