Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for Fasciola hepatica in sheep in Nile Delta of Egypt.

Fascioliasis is a globally distributed zoonotic parasitic disease that affects ruminants, including sheep. This study conducted from January to December 2023, aimed to determine the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in sheep across three governorates in Egypt's Nile Delta and to assess associated risk factors. A total of 455 serum samples were analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit, revealing antibodies against F. hepatica in 22.2 % of the tested sheep. There was no significant association between locality or sex and the seroprevalence of F. hepatica in sheep; however, the highest prevalence was observed in Kafr ElSheikh and in female sheep. Concerning risk factors, poor conditioned sheep aged between 1 and 2 years showed 2.1 and 3.8 times higher of infection probability than others. In addition, the risk of F. hepatica infection in sheep increased significantly in winter season (OR = 6.6, 95 %CI: 2.6-16.8), in absence of prophylactic treatment (OR = 2.2, 95 %CI: 1.3-3.3) and in presence of snail (OR = 3, 95 %CI: 3-5.4). The existence of antibodies against F. hepatica in examined sheep raising in Nile Delta indicating that the disease is reported in the studied areas and needs to be managed on farms through control and preventative measures.