Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
A comprehensive multi-tiered approach to assessing weather penalties on O levels and exceedance days in Seoul using generalized additive models (2001-2019). | LitMetric
Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea; Research and Management Center for Health Risk of Particulate Matter, Seoul, 02481, South Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea. Electronic address:
Published: November 2024
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Over the past two decades, ambient O air pollution in Seoul, the capital city of South Korea, has increased. As a secondary air pollutant, O is affected not only by precursor gas emissions but also by meteorological conditions. This study examined the influence of weather changes in Seoul for 2001-2019 on the long-term daily maximum 8-h O concentration (MDA8 O) trends measured at 25 monitoring sites. As the relationship between O and meteorological variables may not be linear, we used a generalized additive model framework to estimate O trends, incorporating quantile and logistic regressions for continuous O data and O exceedance days (>60 ppb), respectively. Over the 19-year period, the O concentrations in Seoul increased by 14.7 (SD = 3.2) and 13.1 (SD = 3.1) ppb before and after adjusting for local meteorology, respectively, resulting in an average weather penalty of 1.55 ppb. Seasonal variations in the penalty were substantial, showing a greater penalty (4.5 ppb) during the warm season (May-October) than during the cold season (November-April). Furthermore, the increase in O concentration was more pronounced on days with comparatively high O levels. During the warm season, the weather penalties on O trends reached 3.7-4.0 ppb on high-O days (75, 95, and 99 percentiles). From 2001 to 2019, the O exceedance days started 2.66 days earlier and ended 2.30 days later per year, extending the peak-O season by approximately 89 days in total. Weather changes accelerated the upward trend in the odds ratio of O exceedance days by 3.8 years. Our findings indicate that O exceedance days can occur in nearly all months owing to weather changes. The significant weather penalties on O concentrations and exceedance days emphasize the need for a comprehensive O air pollution mitigation strategy, considering non-emission factors that are increasingly being recognized in the context of climate change.
