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Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine in Pregnancy and Possible Adverse Fetal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. | LitMetric

Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine in Pregnancy and Possible Adverse Fetal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

JAMA Netw Open

Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Health Care Trust-IRCCS San Gerardo Monza, Monza, Italy.

Published: November 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • ADHD affects about 7% of young people, and many women might be on medication like atomoxetine or methylphenidate during pregnancy, but the safety of these treatments for the fetus has not been well-studied.
  • The objective of the study was to investigate the adverse effects on children whose mothers were treated with ADHD medications during pregnancy by analyzing data from various electronic databases.
  • The analysis included ten studies with over 16 million pregnant women, and the findings indicated that there was no significant increase in miscarriages or congenital anomalies in the offspring of mothers who used these ADHD medications during pregnancy.

Article Abstract

Importance: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders, and it afflicts about 7% of young people. As a consequence, many young women might be pregnant while taking medication for ADHD, but data about safety have not yet been strictly examined.

Objective: To examine adverse effects in offspring of mothers receiving treatment with atomoxetine and methylphenidate during pregnancy.

Data Sources: Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO) were searched for articles published through December 31, 2023, with the following search terms: (atomoxetine OR methylphenidate) AND (pregnancy).

Study Selection: Observational studies (eg, cohort studies, case-control studies, case-crossover studies, cross-sectional studies, and registry-based studies) that reported offspring outcomes in pregnancy with atomoxetine and/or methylphenidate and in mothers with ADHD but unexposed to ADHD treatment during pregnancy or from the general population were included. Ten studies of 656 records satisfied criteria.

Data Extraction And Synthesis: Two independent reviewers performed data extraction according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Meta-analyses were conducted based on reported odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% CIs using a linear random effects model. Each study was inversely weighted by the reported variance of the estimators. Risk of publication bias and analysis of heterogeneity through univariate and multivariate metaregressions were also rated. Data were analyzed from January to March 2024.

Main Outcomes And Measures: Study outcomes included miscarriages and congenital anomalies.

Results: Ten studies involving 16 621 481 pregnant women, 30 830 of them affected by ADHD, were included. Congenital anomalies or miscarriages were not more frequent in offspring of mothers receiving treatment with methylphenidate or atomoxetine during pregnancy compared with unexposed offspring (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.83-1.55; P = .41; I2 = 8% for congenital anomalies; OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.70-1.47; P = .96; I2 = 0% for miscarriages) or compared with the general population (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.93-1.53; P = .16; I2 = 74% for congenital anomalies; OR, 1.05, 95% CI, 0.81-1.37; P = .70; I2 = 0% for miscarriage).

Conclusions And Relevance: Evidence from this meta-analysis, which involves a substantial sample of pregnant women with and without ADHD, suggests the maintenance of methylphenidate or atomoxetine during pregnancy is safe, given that congenital anomalies and miscarriages did not appear to significantly increase. Further studies are recommended to support and confirm these findings.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541644PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.43648DOI Listing

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