This article discusses the role of deep learning (DL) in cancer imaging, focusing on its applications for automatic image segmentation. It highlights two studies that demonstrate how U-Net- and convolutional neural networks-based architectures have improved the speed and accuracy of body composition analysis in CT scans and rectal tumour segmentation in MRI images. While the results are promising, the article stresses the need for further research to address issues like image quality variability across different imaging systems.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmrs.839 | DOI Listing |
Front Public Health
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy grading plays a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. In practice, this task mainly relies on manual inspection using human visual system. However, the human visual system-based screening process is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and error-prone.
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January 2025
Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery Department, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China.
Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening disease associated with a high mortality rate, emphasizing the need for the exploration of novel models to predict the prognosis of this patient population. This study compared the performance of traditional logistic regression and machine learning models in predicting adult sepsis mortality.
Objective: To develop an optimum model for predicting the mortality of adult sepsis patients based on comparing traditional logistic regression and machine learning methodology.
Front Med (Lausanne)
January 2025
Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to its rapid progression and heterogeneous nature. This review explores the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to transform sepsis management, from early detection to personalized treatment and real-time monitoring. AI, particularly through machine learning (ML) techniques such as random forest models and deep learning algorithms, has shown promise in analyzing electronic health record (EHR) data to identify patterns that enable early sepsis detection.
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January 2025
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Tongji Stomatological Hospital, Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Background: The conventional treatment for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) is surgery; however, the efficacy of definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains controversial.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of deep learning (DL) models to identify patients with LA-HNSCC who can achieve organ preservation through definitive CRT and provide individualized adjuvant treatment recommendations for patients who are better suited for surgery.
Methods: Five models were developed for treatment recommendations.
Cureus
December 2024
Obstetrics and Gynecology, ESI Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (PGIMER) Basaidarapur, New Delhi, IND.
Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early prediction is the need of the hour so that interventions like aspirin prophylaxis can be started. Nowadays, machine learning (ML) is increasingly being used to predict the disease and its prognosis.
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