AI Article Synopsis
- Fibroblastic and myofibroblastic neoplasms are a significant portion (12%) of pediatric soft tissue tumors, mostly benign or locally aggressive with infrequent metastasis.
- Diagnosing these tumors is complicated due to their similar appearances and limited effectiveness of immunohistochemistry, but advancements in RNA sequencing have shed light on their molecular drivers and improved classification.
- Key molecular changes, like RTK and MAPK activation, are important in tumors such as infantile fibrosarcoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, with ongoing research identifying new RTK-driven lesions that require attention in classification.
Article Abstract
Fibroblastic and myofibroblastic neoplasms represent about 12% of pediatric soft tissue tumors. Most of these neoplasms in children are either benign or locally aggressive with rare metastasis, while malignant cases are uncommon. Diagnosing these tumors is challenging due to overlapping morphologies and the limited utility of immunohistochemistry. Advances in molecular techniques, especially RNA sequencing, have improved our understanding of the molecular drivers of these tumors, leading to better classification. Key molecular alterations, such as RTK and MAPK activation, are central in the development of tumors like infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS) and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT). The identification of alternative fusions in IFS and IMT underscores the importance of an integrated diagnostic approach. Furthermore, new RTK-driven lesions, now included in the WHO's "NTRK-rearranged mesenchymal neoplasms", have been identified. This review provides an update on recent findings in RTK-driven myofibroblastic tumors and highlights novel entities still in need of classification.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00428-024-03964-9 | DOI Listing |
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