Visual perspective taking (VPT) is an integral part of social interactions. While the mechanisms of VPT have been extensively explored in human-human interactions, only a handful of studies have investigated the mechanisms that enable humans to also take the perspective of robots. Previous work has proposed that human-like visual features trigger VPT (mere-appearance hypothesis). In this study, we investigate the boundary conditions of the mere-appearance hypothesis in four experiments in a dot-matching task. We show that not only human-like visual features trigger VPT but that a camera also triggers VPT. Non-human animal-like features, conversely, do not result in VPT. We thus suggest that not only human-like visual features but also an object that is associated with an implied social presence (a camera) can trigger VPT whereas this is not the case for non-human animal-like features. These findings further extend earlier work on the mere-appearance hypothesis and are informative for designing social robots.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2023.103588 | DOI Listing |
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The influence of robot appearance on visual perspective taking: Testing the boundaries of the mere-appearance hypothesis.
Conscious Cogn
October 2023
Department of Philosophy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Visual perspective taking (VPT) is an integral part of social interactions. While the mechanisms of VPT have been extensively explored in human-human interactions, only a handful of studies have investigated the mechanisms that enable humans to also take the perspective of robots. Previous work has proposed that human-like visual features trigger VPT (mere-appearance hypothesis).
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As robots rapidly enter society, how does human social cognition respond to their novel presence? Focusing on one foundational social-cognitive capacity-visual perspective taking-seven studies reveal that people spontaneously adopt a robot's unique perspective and do so with patterns of variation that mirror perspective taking toward humans. As they do with humans, people take a robot's visual perspective when it displays goal-directed actions. Moreover, perspective taking is absent when the agent lacks human appearance, increases when the agent looks highly humanlike, and persists even when the humanlike agent is perceived as eerie or as obviously lacking a mind.
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